Canadian First Class ME 
Engineering Knowledge

Air Compressors

G01.  Care of an air compressor either 2 or 3 stage.  What attention is needed before opening up for inspection?

REF:MAR87

G02.  What faults are likely to develop in an air compressor and how are they remedied.

G03.  Explain the necessity of intercoolers on a multi-stage compressor.  What attention is required to keep them safe and in good working order?  Sketch and describe an intercooler suitable for a 2400 kPa compressor and state materials used.

REF:MAR83 REF:DEC90

G04.  Describe the construction of a 3 stage air compressor

1. give the temperatures and pressures at each stage

2. where are the drains

3. what type of oil is used and why

G05.  Describe a 3 stage air compressor.  Why is there a cooling system.  Sketch a cooler suitable for 2400 kPa

REF:JAN87 

G06.  Why are isothermal conditions desirable in an air compressor and adiabatic conditions in a diesel engine?  How are these conditions aided?  What physical properties prevent these conditions from being perfect?

G07.  Draw a combined indicator diagram of a 3 stage air compressor, and show the effects of intercooling.  Give the various pressures and temperatures.

G08.  How is the efficiency of an air compressor affected by the following:

1. excessive clearance volume

2. insufficient cooling water

3. restricted low pressure air supply

Shafting, Stern Tube and Bearings 

G09.  Explain how the ingress of sea water is prevented in an oil lubricated stern bearing system.  Should the system fail, describe the corrective action possible whilst the vessel is afloat.  State why two stern bearing oil header tanks are fitted in some instances?

G10.  Make a detailed sketch of the sealing arrangements for an oil-filled stern tube.  Describe the common forms of seal failure.  Explain how oil loss due to seal failure is restricted whilst on passage.  Describe how the seals are restored to their original effectiveness.  Give a reason other than the expense of oil loss why effective sealing is necessary.

G11.  Compare the merits and demerits of roller and plain bearings when used for main shafting.  Describe with sketches a roller bearing for main shafting.  Explain why the need to split main roller bearings creates problems and how they are overcome.  Give two reasons why roller bearings are rarely employed as stern bearings.

REF:JUN90

G12.  Sketch and describe a main bearing as fitted to a diesel engine.  How would it be remetalled on board ship in an emergency?

ANS:Pounder#5/695        REF:NSG7

G13.  Identify the chief causes of overheating in tunnel bearings and of vibration in main shafting.  Explain why the siting of the engine room amidships enhances these tendencies.  State how overheating and vibration may be reduced or eliminated.

G14.  Give two reasons for sludge formation in main lubricating oil systems.  Explain how bearing metal is attacked with particular reference to incompatibility between the oil and metal.  Explain the role of additives and state what normal practices must be suspended in order to maintain treated oils in their optimum condition.  Discuss the problems associated with the use of a multi-purpose lubricating oil.

G15.  By examining bearings, give the condition of lubricating oil in an engine.  State simple tests that may be performed aboard ship.  How would you keep lube oil in good condition.

REF:MAY90

G16.  With reference to main shaft bearings which are excessively loaded or very lightly loaded state for each condition what are the:

1. indications of the fault

2. effects on adjacent bearings

3. remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on main shaft bearings changes in service.

REF:OCT88 REF:NOV89

G17.  Discuss the merits and demerits of shell and pad shaft bearings.  How is shafting alignment checked with What is the effect of tailshaft weardown on the adjacent shaft bearings.

REF:MAR92

G18.  How is the weardown of a tail shaft checked?  How often is it taken?  Where would you find previous readings?  What maximum weardown would you allow for a 250 mm diameter shaft?

REF:NSG4

G19.  Describe the procedure in lining up an engine bedplate, main bearings, gear box, thrust block, propeller shafting and tail-end shaft, assuming this to be a new ship.

REF:NSD8

G20.  With reference to shell and pad bearings which are excessively loaded or very lightly loaded state for each condition what are the:

1. indications of the fault

2. effects on adjacent bearings

3. remedial steps

Explain why load distribution on bearings changes in service.

REF:MAR91

G21.  Sketch and describe a single collar thrust block.  How is lubrication effected?  What pressure can be carried as compared with a multi-collar thrust?

REF:NSG3

G22.  Give a reasoned opinion as to the accuracy of the following statements:

1. the effectiveness on a main thrust block is only as good as its seating arrangements

2. pivoted pads are not necessary in thrust bearing design

3. fore and aft clearance between shaft collar and pads is of little consequence

General

G23.  How is the position of the engine fixed in a ship?  How is the engine aligned?  How is the engine secured to floors or tanktop. (sketch method).  What is a crankshaft deflection and how is it done.

REF:NOV88 REF:MAY89

REF:MAR91 REF:NSH7

G24.  What is the purpose of a cofferdam.  Where are they located?  Name all their fittings.  How are they entered?

REF:JAN87 REF:   90

G25.  Sketch and describe a diesel electric propulsion system.  Mention disadvantages and advantages.

REF:JUN88

G26.  Describe 4 types of stress.  Give an example of each in a boiler and an engine.

REF:JAN87

G27.  Regarding air receivers and boilers, what is the nature and intent of stresses in the longitudinal and circumferential seams.  State the rules that apply.

REF:NSH1

G28.  Explain fatigue and thermal stresses.  State 2 examples of each an encountered on a diesel ship.  How are they dealt with.  Give 2 examples of each.

REF:FEB91

G29.  Sketch and describe a stockless anchor illustrating the method or device used to attach it to the chain cable.  When the anchor and cable are ranged during the ships underwater survey what parts require special attention and what defects are likely to be discovered?

G30.  Describe and sketch an axial flow pump.  Explain it's principle of operation.  State what important advantage and serious disadvantage it possesses compared to other pumps. Explain the effects of throttling either the suction or discharge valve.

G31.  Describe the auxiliary machinery that would be required for safe and efficient operation of a large motor ship. Describe the size and capacity of the pumps.  State the type and size of ship (cargo / passenger).

REF:MAR83 REF:JAN86

REF:JAN87

Fuel & Combustion

G32.  What are the conditions required in the cylinders of a marine diesel engine for good combustion.  Under normal working conditions the following may occur:

1. black smoke

2. white smoke

3. blue smoke

What may be the suspected cause for each case to occur?  What would be the remedy for it?

REF:JAN87 REF:JUN88

REF:DEC88

G33.  What is meant by the term "closed flashpoint" of an oil?  Describe a test to determine its value.  State any factors that limit the temperature of heating for marine fuels.  Give the approximate closed flashpoint of:

1. petrol (gasoline)

2. paraffin

3. boiler fuel oil

REF:NSJ7

34.  What is the chemical composition of coal?  Give the average calorific value of coal.  Describe the chemical process when coal is burned in air.

REF:JUL88 REF:NSB9

G35.  Give the calorific values of anthracite and bituminous coals.  What are the chemical compositions of this coal?

REF:NSE4

G36.  Discuss any form of the following:

1. flashpoint

2. viscosity

3. calorific value

4. conradson carbon

5. pour point

6. fire point

REF:NSE7

G37.  What is meant by the "flash point of oil?  How is it obtained?  What are the approximate closed flash points of the following fuels:

1. diesel oil

2. bunker oil

3. kerosene

4. gasoline

REF:NSF1

Heat Exchangers and Coolers

G38.  With reference to a tubular heat exchanger:

1. why is ferrous sulphide being used in place of impressed current

2. where are TEFLON inserts being used

3. what type of material is used for the tubes

REF:JAN90

G39.  With reference to multitubular heat exchangers explain:

1. how and where impingement attack is likely to occur in the tubes

2. Why is it desirable that coolant flow rate should not exceed that required to maintain correct fluid temperature

3. ample well-shaped water boxes and smooth tube inlets are desirable

4. partial obstruction of tube bore is a common cause of tube failure

REF:MA80

G40.  With reference to tubular heat exchangers explain:

1. how differential movement tubes and body is accommodated when the tube plates are rigidly located in the body

2. how and why turbulence is imparted to fluid flow through the tubes

3. why it has become possible to discard sacrificial anodes in sea water coolers

4. what is meant by the term 'guided flow', with particular reference to oil heaters

G41.  Considering erosion and corrosion in a heat exchanger system give the effects of :

1. velocity

2. welding and brazing

3. temperature variations

REF:MAY90

G42.  Sketch and describe a plate type cooler.  Explain how leakage is prevented.  State one advantage and one disadvantage it possesses over the tubular type.

REF:FEB91 REF:MAR91

G43.  With reference to heat exchangers define what is meant by the terms 'parallel flow' and 'contra flow'.  Give two advantages and two disadvantages of each type of flow.  State an application for which each is most suitable.  Describe how the 'fall off' in efficiency of heat exchangers may be effectively countered.

REF:JUN90

G44.  Discuss the different type of coolers:

1. sinuflow flow

2. cross flow

3. straight flow

4. reversing flow

Sketch and describe how constant salt?? water temperature is maintained in a system.

REF:MAY90

G45.  Discuss recent developments in the protection of the hull from the effects of corrosion.  Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various types of hull cleaning  procedures indicating your position with respect to the merits or demerits of cleaning the hull while the vessel is afloat.

G46.  Discuss the merits and demerits of employing either a soluble oil or a chromate solution as a corrosion inhibitor in the cooling system of a diesel engine.

ANS:Henchall/193

Boilers 

G47.  Describe any method of boiler feed treatment you are familiar with.  What chemicals are used, and how is scale prevented?

REF:MAR87

G48.  Describe how you would test boiler water for:

1. alkalinity

2. chlorides.

State the values obtained from the tests that would be considered suitable for a water tube boiler.  If the test results were unsatisfactory, what remedial action would you take?

REF:NSE9

G49.  Give composition of boiler scale.  If you had to use seawater in the boiler, explain what steps would be required to maintain a reasonable level of impurities.  What level of impurities would you try to maintain?

REF:JAN90

G50.  What is caustic embrittlement?

G51.  What is a salinomitor?

Instruments and Gauges 

G52.  Sketch and describe a thermo-couple pyrometer.  Where are thermocouple pyrometers fitted on steam and motor ships?

REF:NSB2

G53.  Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a device used to measure the depth of oil in a tank.  The instrument in the question may be used without opening the tank.  Does the specific gravity of the oil have any effect on the reading of this gauge.

REF:NSF6

REF:NSI3

G54.  What gas would be found in the following compartments and how could their effects be minimized?

1. battery room

2. refrigeration chamber

3. empty ballast tank

4. paint store room

5. fuel tank

G55.  State what is the purpose of each of the following items in a machinery control system:

1. portable mercury manometer

2. portable inclined-tube manometer

3. portable temperature potentiometer

4. compressor and vacuum pump

Describe in detail any two of these items.

REF:JUL88

G56.  Using a cathode ray oscilloscope for obtaining indicator diagrams from main engines describe and state the manner in which it may be used to illustrate certain important features, such as combustion process etc.

G57.  Describe 2 different types of pressure gauges that work by an elastic system.  Give an example of what each is used for.  Explain how one of these is calibrated.

REF:MAY88 REF:NOV88

REF:NOV89 REF:JAN90

G58.  Sketch and describe:

1. a dynamometer

2. a torsion meter

REF:JUL88 REF:FEB91

G59.  Describe a torsion meter and show how it is used to find shaft horse power.

REF:NSC7

G60.  Describe a dynamometer as used to find brake horse power  of an engine.  After determining the B.H.P. how would you find the mechanical efficiency?

REF:NSD2

REF:NSF7 REF:JUL88

G61.  Regarding remote control sensing devices of either electrical or pneumatic type, name two advantages and two disadvantages of each. Which device would be used for:

1. lube oil pressure

2. bearing temperature

3. tank level indicators.

What precautions are taken in hazardous areas?

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

G62.  Sketch and describe a fuel meter used with high viscosity fuel.  Explain how it operates.  Explain the value of the readings obtained and how they are used.

Steering 

G63.  Sketch and describe an electro/hydraulic steering system.  How is emergency steering carried out?

REF:JAN87

G64.  With reference to ram type electro-hydraulic steering gears explain:

1. why four rams are provided in many instances

2. with sketches the arrangement of the crosshead rapson slide and its principle of operation

3. why the telemotor receiver is spring loaded and the effect on steering of spring failure

REF:MAY88 REF:NOV88

REF:DEC88 REF:JAN90

G65.  Examine in detail three common but entirely different reasons for loss of steering.  State how failure is inhibited in the design, operation and maintenance of steering gear systems.  Describe how a vessel may make port upon irreparable failure of the steering telemotor.

REF:JAN90 REF:MAR92

G66.  Describe how you would remove air from a telemotor system.  What are the dangers of air in a telemotor system?

REF:NSB5

G67.  Explain how the following steering gear faults are corrected:

1. pronounced sluggishness

2. excessive hunting

3. persistent overloading of pump motor

4. purge system of air

REF:FEB89 REF:FEB91

G68.  How is the vertical movement restricted on a rudder and how is it accommodated in the steering gear?  How is the weight of the rudder transferred to the ship?

REF:JUN90

G69.  Sketch and describe an electro-hydraulic steering geas as fitted on board ship and indicate emergency steering methods.  How is the weight of rudder supported?

REF:NSD3

G70.  Fully describe a steering gear you are familiar with. How are shock loads prevented? Explain hunting gear.

REF:MAR86

G71.  Describe fully any type of hydraulic steering gear with which you are familiar.  Explain its operation and how it's movements are controlled from the bridge.

REF:NSF4

G72.  What provision is made to avoid damage to steering engines when they aare situated adjacent to the rudder stock? Describe a steering system showing how it is controlled from the bridge.  What is the hunting gear?  Describe its action.

REF:NDE3

Fire Firefighting Systems

G73.  With reference to firefighting in machinery spaces compare the advantages and disadvantages of:

a) high expansion foam

b) high pressure water spray

REF:JAN90 REF:MAY91

G74.  In respect to firefighting why is

a) dry chemical powder preferable to sand

b) mechanical foam preferable to chemical foam

c) Halon 1301 preferable to CO2

d) light water foam (A.F.F.F.) preferabel to high expansion foam

REF:JUN90 REF:MAR92

G75.  What preventative measures should be taken against the out-break of fire in an oil burning vessel?  How would you proceed to subdue such an oil fire?  Describe with the aid of a sketch, a foam type portable fire extinguisher.

REF:NSF8

G76.  Make a detailed list of all fire-fighting equipment on the last ship in which you sailed.  Sketch the layout of engine room and boiler room, placing the equipment in their respective positions.

REF:NSJ3

G77.  What is meant by the term "permeability" in relation to fire prevention?

G78.  State why a CO2 fixed fire smothering system requires periodical inspection and service.  Define the advantages and disadvantages of this system over other fixed systems.

REF:FEB80

G79.  What is done to prevent explosions in:

a) air starting lines

b) air compressors

c) engine crankcases

REF:JAN87

G80.  Explain the advantages and disadvantages of an inert gas smothering system from flue gasses compared to an inert-gas generator.  Explain why an inert gas generator is more advantageous. Why is it unsuitable for use in machinery spaces?

REF:NOV88 REF:OCT89

G81.  With reference to safety of personnel describe the correct method of dealing with the following:

a) entering a cargo pumping room when pumping crude petroleum

b) overhauling a pump that has been used for pumping hazardous chemicals.

c) entering a hold that has carried citrus fruit.

REF:JAN90 REF:APR91

G82.  Sketch and describe an inert gas system using exhaust gas from main uptake:

a) scrubber and its process

b) safety devices

REF:DEC88

G83.  Sketch and describe an inert gas system from boiler uptakes.  Explain why this system cannot be used for firefighting.

REF:NOV89

G84.  Describe with sketches a fixed fire smothering installation incorporating 'bulk storage' of carbon dioxide. Make special reference to the following points:

a) calculation of the quantity of carbon dioxide to be stored

b) protection against leakage of the main stop valve

c) alarm system for warning personnel of release

d) maintenance of correct pressure and liquid level in storage tank

G85   More questions like these can be found on Martin's Marine Engineering Page, click to www.dieselduck.net.

G85.  Compare the relative merits of infra red, ultra violet and combustion gas (ionization) type fire detectors for use in machinery spaces.  Explain why a combination of these types is more desirable than any one type individually.

G86.  What are the probable causes of fire breaking out in the engine room of a ship using oil fuel?  What precautions are taken to avoid this?  Describe a system of detecting fire aboard ship and the method of preventing fire breaking out? Discuss firefighting methods aboard ship.

REF:NSE5 REF:NSG8

G87.  What equipment is fitted on an oil burning vessel?  How is it used to fight a bilge fire in the engine room.

G88. A ship has been grounded and damaged severely under the engine room.  After completion of repairs, what steps would you take to ensure that the machinery is in a condition ready to be operated.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSC8

G89.  Describe an automatic sprinkler and alarm system which is effective for protection against fire in all parts of a passenger ship.  The system is to be of the "dry pipe" type. Explain the operation and how it is reset.

REF:NSI1

G90.  Sketch and describe an automatic sprinkler system as fitted on board ship and indicate in what locations sprinkler heads are fitted.

REF:NSD1

G91.  Describe a combined smoke detecting and CO2 fire extinguishing system.

G92.  Describe a CO2 fire extinguishing system.  How is it operated?  What precautions whould be taken before using? What must be done to make it fully effective? What is permeability with regard to fire extinguishing equipment?

REF:NSC2

G93.  Using a line diagram describe a fire smothering system which draws inert gas from the funnel, that is the exhaust of the main engine or boilers.  Can such a system be used for extinguishing engine room fires.  What are the time-related problems inherent with inert gas systems and how are they overcome.

REF:NSA9

G94.  Describe the bulk CO2 fire extinguishing system and precaution for:

a) warning personnel

b) prevent valve leakage

c) alarm if control panel opened

REF:DEC89

G95.  Describe a CO2 fire extinguishing system.  In your estimation, what volume of gas would be obtained from a kilogram of liquid CO2 .  What minimum amount would be required for a machinery space expressed on a % basis?

REF:NSI6

G96.  What precautions are taken on an oil burning ship and how would you deal with a fire?  Sketch and describe a portable fire extinguisher.

G97.  Discuss the factors contributing to the initiation and propogation of fires in the cavenge system of a diesel engine and the method of operation required to mitigate such an occurrence.

G98.  Re: fire detection state the differences between cargo spaces and machine spaces.  What types of devices are used and why.  How are these devices tested.  Where are the devices located?

REF:JUN90 REF:APR91

G99.  A rating is killed in the engine room.  Write a letter to your head office as to how this happened, and precautions against reoccurrence.

REF:MAY90 REF:MAR91

G100.  The vessel of which you are Chief Engineer suffers a grounding.  Write a report to the Superintendent of the company about the surveys and inspections subsequently carried out when the vessel was dry-docked in a foreign port.

REF:MAR91 REF:NSE8

G101.  You are the chief engineer of a vessel that has suffered a minor fire in the engine room that burned off the wiring to essential pumps temporary repairs were made to get vessel underway.  Write a letter to the company head office describing the incident and what arangements have been made to effect a permanent repair at the next port of call.

REF:APR91

G102.  You have been chief engineer on a new ship for 1 year with fully automatic U.M.S. operation.  You were previously chief engineer on the sister ship with manual operation. Write a letter to head office and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.  Highlight any instances in which automatic was superior to manual operation.

REF:FEB90 REF:JUL90

REF:FEB91

G103.  Although your vessel is engaged upon a regular trade the specific fuel consumption has notable increased whilst the average speed has correspondingly decreased in comparison to previous voyages.  As chief engineer report to head office your investigations findings and measures to correct this tendency.

REF:JUN90 REF:MAY91

G104.  Your ship shows much more fuel consumption than her sister ship.  Write a letter to your manager explaining the reasons.

REF:NOV89

G105.  It has been found necessary to completely replenish all of the oil in the lubricating system of a large motorship.  (or steam turbine ship).  As chief engineer write a detailed report to the Superintendent Engineer justifying this heavy expenditure, the expendiencies required to prevent further trouble during the voyage, and suggestions for permanent measures to avoid recurrence of the initial problem.

REF:DEC89 REF:NSA5

G106.  You had to discharge to shore 200 tonnes of emulsified and contaminated fuel oil.  You had attempted to regrevate and purify this oil bat were unsuccessful.  Write a report to your head office explaining the above, how the oil became emulsified and contaminated, and what steps have been taken to prevent a re-occurrance.

REF:NOV88

G107.  As chief engineer prepare a list of the operating and maintenance procedures you would institute for the care of the main engine giving reasons for each procedure and the trouble likely to arise from neglect of such procedures.

G108.  Arrange a fire party with 6 ratings 3 engineers besides yourself for an engine room fire.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSH5

G109.  Write a letter to the ship owner or superintendent engineer describing an engine breakdown with suggestion for avoiding a recurrence.

G110.  What type of engine is fitted in motor lifeboats? What planned maintenance measures are carried out?  Describe how you would start a lifeboat engine.

REF:NSG9

G111.  Describe the following metal properties:

a) ductility

b) brittleness

c) malleability

d) elasticity

e) plasticity

f) hardness

g) strength

h) toughness

G112.  Define the following terms

a) stress corrosion

b) corrosion fatigue

c) crevice corrosion

d) creep

e) upper critical point

f) lower critical point

G113.  Describe in detail each of the following processes and give an example where each is likely to occur in marine engineering:

a) corrosion fatigue

b) stress corrosion

c) creeping cracks

d) casting cracks.

State how in each case the initiation of the process is prevented or minimized.

REF:JUN90 REF:APR91

G114.  Write a short essay on the corrosion of the ferrous metals.  What methods may be adopted to prevent or retard corrosion?

REF:NSA4

G115.  Describe a tensile test made on a specimen steel bar. Give a definition of each of the following:

a) elongation

b) yield point

c) ultimate stress

d) reduction in area

REF:NOV88 REF:NSG5

G116.  Various tests are carried out on material used for boiler construction.  With reference to these tests, explain the following terms:

a) elongation

b) yield point

c) area reduction

d) ultimate stress

REF:NSB4

G117.  What is meant by the mechanical properties of the metals used in Marine Engineering?  What is meant by:

a) elongation

b) ultimate stress

c) yield point

d) permanent set

REF:NSD9

G118.  Define creep failure. State the material used for the following:

a) superheater support and bolts

b) main support and bolts

c) turbine blade

REF:DEC88

G119.  Briefly describe the tests made on a piece of metal to determine its suitability for use in engineering.  Explain clearly what is meant by any four of the following metallurgical terms:

a) work hardening

b) case hardening

c) annealing

d) normalizing

e) yield point

f) creep

REF:MAY90

G120.  Explain the process of annealing, tempering and case hardening.  Give two examples of each on an engine.

REF:MAY90

G121.  With reference to steel, what is meant by the following terms:

a) annealing

b) tempering

c) case hardening

Describe how these processes are carried out.

REF:NSF9

G122.  Discuss tempering and annealing.  How would you anneal:

a) stern frame

b) old copper pipe

What is the difference between case-hardening and tempering

REF:DEC89 REF:NSG2

G123.  State the chemical composition of the following metals and give their physical properties:

a) babbit's metal

b) stainless iron

c) stainless steel

d) monel metal

State a use for each of these metals in marine practice.

G124.  Give the average composition of white metal.  What is its melting point?  What are the advantages of using it? What pressure will it stand and at what pressure will it give?

REF:NSC6

G125.  State physical properties of the following and give example where they may be used:

a) muntz metal

b) phosphor bronze

c) aluminium bronze

d) cupro nickel

G126.  What are the metallurgical compositions and mechanical properties for:

a) nodulous cast iron

b) high tensile steel

c) titanium

Why does a ship yard use these?

REF:MAY88

G127.  State the approximate proportion of carbon contained in cast iron and cast steel. Mention the forms in which the carbon may occur therein.  Compare the physical properties of these two metals and name some of the more important parts of machinery for which cast steel is used.

G128.  Name 3 methods of making steel and describe one fully.

G129.  Define teh following types of non-destructive methods of testing:

a) radiographic

b) ultrasonic

c) magnetic particle

d) dye penetrant

Give their advantages and disadvantages

REF:FEB80 REF:MAR92

G130.  Describe the open hearth process of manufacturing mild steel.  What is the difference between acid and basic mild steel?  Compare mild steel with cast iron and state in an engine where each is used. Why is open hearth steel preferred to bessimer steel?

REF:OCT87 REF:OCT89

REF:NOV89 REF:MAR86

REF:NSD7

G131.  Enumerate the factors that should be considered when choosing between a sand-casting process and a die-casting process.  Describe with aid of a sketch the sand-casting process showing the pattern in the flask and the names of the parts.

REF:NSA2

G132.  Give the physical make up and properties of metals for the following:

a) cylinder liner of a diesel engine

b) exhaust valve

c) crankshaft

e) boiler tube plate

REF:JUN90 REF:NSH9

G133.  Compare the advantages of forged and built-up crankshafts with special reference to the magnitude of the stresses in the cranks.  How would you check the deflections by means of a dial gauge through one revolution of the shaft? How are the readings obtained interpreted?  How is weardown measured?

REF:NSE6

G134.  You are appointed Chief Engineer of a 20 year old ship and are required to carry out an extensive survey of teh main propelling machinery.  State what defects you would expect to find and what corrective measures you would take.

REF:NSB1

G135.  Define the responsibilities of a chief engineer:

a) immediatly prior to dry-docking

b) whilst the dock is dry

c) immediately prior to and after flooding

d) leaving the dock

Draft a list of standing orders to the engine department for

that period that the vessel is on the blocks.

REF:FEB80 REF:NSJ2

G136.  How would you know if there were cracks in cylinder heads or liners.  What would you do?

REF:JAN87

G137.  A several year old steel ship has been laid up for some time and is going into drydock for inspection of the double bottom tank. state the precautions you would take. What would you expect to find?

REF:APR91

G138.  Any proposal to operate a machinery space in the periodically unattended condition must be taken into account the danger of fire, flooding and failure of supervisory equipment. Describe how possibility of the latter two hazards may be minimized, detected and brought to the attention of the designated watch keeper.

REF:JUN90

G139.  Give a reasoned statement as to why pre-heating of a lubricating oil is very advantageous with respect to a centrifugal purifier.  Explain why an extreme pressure oil and similar lubricants can only be purified in a clarifier.

REF:NOV88 REF:DEC88

G140.  Give reasoned concerns you would have when the clutch slips on a lube oil purifier other than the problem of overheating.

REF:APR91

G141.  Compare the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic separation and static separation disregarding time.  Why is a centrifugal separator not suitable for a bilge and ballast system?  What governs and limits the discharge overboard?

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

G142.  Describe a bilge system suitable for a ship with cellular double bottoms.  By means of a simple sketch, show the positions of pumps, manifolds, suctions, etc.

REF:NSB7

G143.  Describe in detail a manifold and valves for a bilge suction system.  Name the materials used and explain how a pipe is led through a watertight bulkhead.

REF:NSI9

G144.  Describe a bilge pumping system for a cellular double-bottom ship.  With the aid of a line diagram, show all suction manifolds and compartments.

REF:NSC5

G145.  Describe an arrangement for filling and discharging ballast and double bottom tanks.  What types of valves are used and why?  Sketch a typical system.  State the size of piping and pump capacity.  Name the materials used.

REF:NSG6

G146.  Discuss the advantages of dynamic separation of oil over static separation other than time.  What part does the cylinder rotor with cone shaped discs play in the separation

process?

REF:OCT88 REF:DEC88

REF:MAR92

G147.  With regards to lube oil purifier, explain why a large number of conical discs are fitted in the purifier.

REF:NOV89

G148.  Discuss with reasons the one statement that is not correct regarding oily water separators.

a) test cocks are situated to locate the oil-water interface

b) separational rate is inconsequential

c) overboard discharge is inconsequential

d) rise in temperature assist in the separation process

e) rate of separation is unrestricted

REF:JUL80 REF:JAN90

G149.  Sketch and describe the function and operation of an oily water separator.  What are the penalties for polluting harbour waters?

REF:NSC9

G150.  With reference to oily water separators:

a) outline the routine attention needed to maintain satisfactory performance

b) define the contribution of test cocks towards functional efficiency

c) give 2 reasons why oil might be carried over with the water

REF:MAR91

G151.  Why are baffle plates, coagulator positive displacement rotary pumps and not centrifugal pumps used with oily water separators

REF:MAY91

G152.  With reference to fire or explosion explain the significance of the following properties of a flammable gas:

a) vapor pressure

b) explosive limits

c) flash point

d) density

G153.  Define viscosity and flashpoint.  State suitable numbers for lube oil.

REF:JAN87

G154.  What would be the effects of water contamination of fuel oil and lubricating oil? Describe a test for detecting the presence of water in oil.  Discuss methods of separating water from oil.

REF:86;87;88 REF:NSJ5

G155.  What impurities are found in lubricating and fuel oils.  What effects do these impurities have on a diesel engine?

REF:JUN83

G156.  With reference to crankcase lubricating oil discuss the following:

a) acidity

b) dilution by fuel oil

c) water leakage

Describe tests that could be made to detect the foregoing contamination

G157.  State why the temperature of lubricating oil supplied to an engine needs close control.  Sketch and describe an arrangement and explain the principle of operation of instrumentation and control equipment for automatically maintaining the temperature of lubricating oil supplied to an engine at its desired value.

G158.  Describe a refinery process for:

a) lubricating oil

b) diesel oil

c) fuel oil

REF:DEC88

G159.  Describe the processes by which:

a) gasoline

b) diesel

c) boiler fuel

d) lubricating oils

are obtained from the crude product in an oil refinery

REF:NSH2

G160.  Describe the manufacture of:

a) lube oil

b) fuel oil

c) heavy oil

What are the various tests made to a sample of fuel oil? Why are they made?

REF:NSD4

G161.  What is air?  What is combustion? Is it chemical or mechanical?  What part does it play in combustion?

REF:NSI4

G162.  Describe a submersible pump for a passenger ship. State the materials used and its capacity.

REF:JAN87

G163.  Describe a submersible pump.  What connections are fitted to one and how is is controlled?

REF:NSD5

G164.  Describe in detail an independent feed pump.  Explain how the valve gear works and how it is adjusted.

REF:NSF3

G165.  Sketch and describe a steam operated duplex pump.

REF:NSH6

G166.  Make a three point comparison of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps with those of positive displacement rotary pumps.  Suggest with reasons the type of pump most suited in each of the following instances:

a) main lubricating oil circulation

b) domestic fresh water supply

c) steering gear or stabilizer actuation

G167.  Sketch and describe a rotary type variable oil delivery pump as used in an electro-hydraulic steering gear. Describe the pumping action.  What would happen if it ran for a long period of time without any pumping action taking place?

REF:NSC1

G168.  Sketch and describe a pump other than of the reciprocating centrifugal or gear type.  Suggest one shipboard application for which it might be best suited.

G169.  Explain why a simple centrifugal type pump is unsuitable for bilge pumping duties.  Sketch and describe how a centrifugal pump can be rendered suitable for such duties.

G170.  Give a simple explanation of the nature and effect of cavitation in rotodynamic pumps.  Describe with sketches a supercavitating pump.  State the purpose of such a pump and give an instance of current shipboard application.

REF:AUG87

G171.  Explain why the performance of a centrifugal sea water circulating pump 'falls off' in service.  State two ways in which this 'fall off' is indicated.  Describe how the pump may be restored to its original performance.

REF:FEB91 REF:MAY91

G172.  State how a keyless propeller is mounted and removed. Give 2 advantages of this type over a keyed propeller.

REF:JAN90 REF:MAY90

G173.  How is a spare blade fitted to the hub of a built-up propeller?  How is the blade adjusted?

REF:NSJ5

G174.  Sketch and describe a pilgrim nut for securing a propeller to the screw shaft.  Describe how this device is used to loosen the propeller on the shaft when removal or inspection becomes necessary.  Give four (4) reasons why this method is considered to be superior to all other methods.

REF:NSA6

G175.  Describe the procedure for removal of a propeller shaft.  Describe an inspection of the propeller shaft.  Give several reasons for the increased frequency between withdrawls of tailshafts for inspection purposes.

REFMAR92

G176.  Describe how you would withdraw a propeller shaft and state what examination of the shaft and stern tube you would make, describing any defects you might expect to find.  If the shaft was found to be grooved near the after end,  show how you would determine the reduced horse power at which it would be safe to run the engine.

REF:NSF2

G177.  Sketch and describe a method adopted to enable the tail end shaft of a twin-screw vessel to be drawn out from the stern.  State size of shaft.

REF:NSJ8

G178.  Explain why it is advisable to examine propeller shafts at regular intervals of time.  Describe an examination of a solid shaft that is carried in a wood lined, water cooled bearing.

G179.  Why are shaft coupling bolts a press fit in their holes and not a clearance fit.  What would you look for during an inspection of these bolts.

REF:MAR92

G180.  Sketch and describe a fluid coupling as used with a prime mover.  Why are these couplings fitted?

REF:NSB8

G181.  Sketch and describe a system for indicating remotely the propeller shaft speed.  Explain how, with the system selected, inaccuracies occur and are kept to a minimum.

G182.  Name three materials that propellers are made from. What are the advantages and disadvantages (if any) of each of these three materials.  A vessel is in dry-dock; explain how

you would measure the propeller pitch.

REF:OCT89 REF:NOV89

REF:NSB3

G183.  Make a single line sketch and describe a simple control system for a C.P. propeller .  Describe the "fail safe" device.

REF:OCT88 REF:NOV89

G184.  You are in a foreign port without docking facilities. Your propeller is damaged beyond repair.  Describe how you change propeller (vessel having main machinery amidships)

REF:FEB91 REF:NSH8

G185.  With reference to main refrigeration plant give a reason for each of the following operational irregularities and state how it is dealt with:

a) rapid loss of crankcase lubricating oil in a "vee" block machine

b) gradual "fall off" in the refrigeration effect over a comparative short period of time

c) icing up at compressor suction

REF:NOV88

G186.  With reference to freon refrigeration plants describe how:

a) "vee" block compressors are lubricated

b) overpressure on the discharge side is prevented

c) refrigeration circuit is cleaned when contaminated with oil.

REF:MAR86 REF:APR91

G187. Describe a CO2 system of refrigeration stating the temperatures and pressures in the various parts of the system and the materials used for pipes, valves, and gauges.  State

the advantages of this system over the Ammonia Refrigeration system.

REF:JAN87 REF:NSF5

G188.  Why is ammonia a good refrigerant?  Describe the operations of an ammonia system.  What produces the low temperature in cold rooms?  How is oil and air removed from the system?  Give disadvantages of ammonia.

REF:NSG1

G189.  Sketch and describe:

a) a refrigeration compressor crankshaft gland seal

b) a pressure switch for a refrigerator circuit

c) regulator for a refrigerator unit

G190.  Describe with a sketch  how piston rod glands are fitted on an ammonia or CO2 refrigerating machine.  What prevents the refrigerant from leaking by?

REF:NSI5

G191.  Sketch and describe a refrigerating system with which you are familiar, giving all temperatures and fittings.

REF:NSC4 REF:NSE1

G192.  Sketch and describe a refrigerating system you are familiar with, giving pressures and temperatures.  How would you charge such a system?  How would you know when the system is fully charged?

REF:NSH3

G193.  Describe an air conditioning system for a passenger-car ferry.  Explain in detail how the humidity of the air is measured and controlled.

REF:DEC89 REF:NSA7

G194.  A pneumatic controlled reducing valve controls the oil pressure to an engine.  Tell where the valve is placed in the system, and how it operates with the aid of a sketch.

REF:MAY90

G195.  Describe with sketches a centralized cooling system incorporating plate type heat exchangers.  Explain the purpose of this system and how it is achieved.

G196.  Describe and emergency electrical generation plant making particular reference to:

a) starting arrangements

b) lubrication and coolant systems

c) fuel supply

d) attention required

e) location

REF:DEC89

G197.  Describe a pneumatic control and electric-mechanical control system.  What are the requirements with respect to service.  What are the main faults with each system?

REF:JUN90

G198.  Describe with the aid of a sketch the activating equipment for a ship's stabilizer.  What advantage or disadvantage has the folding type of stabilizer fin have over the axial withdrawable type.

REF:NSA3

G199.  What are the valves that operate on deck on a tanker.

REF:DEC88

G200.  Explain how the Prevention of Oil Pollution Act 1971 affects the normal operational practices conducted within shipboard machinery spaces.  Describe:

a) measures taken to comply with the Act

b) documentation involved

REF:NOV89 REF:MAY90

G201.  Describe an arrangement of cocks and valves to prevent a deep tank from being inadvertantly filled with water when used for cargo or vice-versa.  What are the disadvantages of having these tanks only partially filled when in ballast?

REF:MAY88 REF:NSE2

G202.  A ship is engaged in filling the double bottom and deep tanks with fuel explain and describe:

a) dangers implicit in the operation

b) precautions that must be observed

c) legal requirements that must be adhered to.

REF:FEB91 REF:NSA8

G203.  What gases are present in oil tanks after pumping out? How would you remove these gases and what are the dangers of these gases?

REF:NSB6

G204.  What gases are found in an oil tank after pumping out? How would you rid the tank of these gases and make it safe to enter?  What precautions are taken near oil tanks and what could result from the presence of gases in empty tanks?

REF:NSD6

G205.  Why and where are vents fitted to oil tanks?  Why is it necessary to fit a gauze to the end of these vents.  State the gauze material and indicate how they are secured.

REF:NSI2

G206.  The Great Lakes Sewage Pollution Prevention Regulations expressly forbids the contamination of these waters by raw sewage from ships.  Using sketches describe 2 entirely different methods available for dealing with raw sewage so as to comply with the intent of this regulation.

REF:NSA1

G207.  On a diesel engine crankshaft, explain what torsional vibration and critical speed means.  What are the dangers of running at a critical speed.  How can these be reduced or eliminated.

REF:DEC90

G208.  Discuss what would be the best way repairs would be made by way of building up by weld, cropping or installing new plate for the following:

a) puncture in a hollow rudder

b) part of the bilge keel torn away from the hull

c) a puncture of a large area of plate bulkhead near the bow under the hawse pipe.

REF:DEC89

G209.  State if you would repair by cropping, building up or renewing on the following:

a) deck stringer with localized pitting

b) plating below scupper above waterline

c) plating at waterline

REF:DEC88 REF:MAY90

G210   More questions like these can be found on Martin's Marine Engineering Page, click to www.dieselduck.net.

G210.  Describe the electric-welding process.  State how the materials are prepared for this process.  Describe the tests that are carried out to the weld of a material of an important nature.

REF:NOV88  REF:APR91

G211.  Explain welding techniques.  Where is this technique used on hull, boiler and machinery repairs.  What precautions would be taken.

REF:JAN87 REF:MAY91

G212.  Describe a method of electric welding suitable for use on board ship.  Name the parts which can be welded.

REF:NSC3

G213.  Sketch and describe a waste heat boiler with oil burning capicities.  What mountings are required.  What are the advantages of this type of boiler.  Sketch an outline of boiler showing path of exhaust gas.

REF:JUL88 REF:DEC88

G214.  Sketch and describe a high lift safety valve.  State the materials it is made of.  What is the advantage of this type of valve.

REF:JAN87 REF:JUN88

REF:JUN91

G215.  Explain the causes and effects and how they could be remedied for the following conditions in a small auxiliary boiler:

a) insufficient air

b) excess air

c) water in the fuel

d) too low a fuel temperature

REF:MAR83

G216.  Describe with the aid of a sketch the operation of a CO2 recorder.  Explain with reference to combustion, how to interpret the reading.  What is the cause of:

a) black smoke

b) yellow smoke from a boiler plant.

G217.  Sketch and describe a flash type distillation plant. Describe the precautions taken to ensure the water is fit for drinking purposes.

REF:97

G218.  Explain why the fuel supply to the burners of a periodically unattended auxiliary boiler automatically cut-off in the alarm condition for low and a high water level, high steam pressure, air failure and flame failure.  Describe how and when you could safely test these devices.

REF:MAR87

G219.  Describe a reverse system for a set of H.F.O.  engines (slow speed).  Sketch cams.

REF:JUN88 REF:MAR87

G220.  Explain the reversing effect of:

a) steam reciprocating engines

b) steam turbines

c) gas turbines

d) direct diesels

e) reduction-geared diesels

f) turbo-electrics

g) diesel-electrics

h) controllable-pitch propellers

REF:NSJ4

G221. If marks resembling flaws were noticed in a shaft of a crank pin, what tests wyould you prefer to see if it is suitable for use?  What would cause the flaws?

REF:MAR87

G222. Compare steam triple expansion to diesel engine.  State thermal effeciency of each

REF:MAR87

G223.  Draw cards - 4 stroke diesel why?  and light spring. State temperatures and pressures.

REF:MAR87

G224.  Lubricating - through a water space.  Position in relation to rings when injection occurs.  How is the gas pressure prevented from entering oil lines.

REF:MAR87

G225.  Sketch and describe a diesel-electric propulsion system.  Mention advantages and disadvantages.

REF:JUN88

G226.  Draw an indicator diagram and describe it.  Why are drawcards taken and sketch one

REF:JUN88

G227.  Sketch and describe a rotary air pump.

REF:JUL88 REF:JUN88

G228.  Sketch and describe a lub oil system for a large diesel engine.

REF:JUN88

G229.  Describe a 2 and 4 stroke diesel process and from what engine is the valve timing?

REF:JUL88

G230.  Should you find a flaw on a diesel engine crankshaft when inspecting it, explain the tests done to determine the seriousness of the flaw.  Give reasons how flaws can occur.

REF:JUL88 REF:DEC90

G231.  Sketch and describe a 4 stroke indicator card and diagram.  Mention the pressures and temperatures.

REF:JUL88

G232.  Firing order in 6 cylinder 2 stroke and 4 stroke.

REF:JAN87

G233.  Why are fuel pump near injectors.  If lines are unequal how do you balance?

REF:JAN87

G234.  Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine.  Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured.  What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel.  Explain how this can be done.

REF:DEC88

G235.  Describe a system of super or pressure-charging used by a four=stroke marine diesel engine exhaust gas turbo. What is meant by 'overlap' as applied to this type of system.

Why is 'overlap' necessary?

REF:DEC88

G236.  Some piston rings are made with an eccentric shape, where the radial thickness is greatest diametrically opposite the gap.  Describe the manufacturing process of these 'eccentric' piston rings.  What advantage do these rings have over other types of piston rings?

REF:DEC88

G237.  How are the cylinder lubricators fitted in a large marine diesel engine that has a water jacket.  How is thermal expansion allowed for.  Where is the location of the lubricator outlet in relation to the piston rings on the piston.  Why is this position necessary?

REF:DEC88

G238.  Sketch and describe a fuel pump of the Bosch (jerk) type.  What are the various components made of and how does the helical plunger control the amount of fuel injected?  How is this fuel pump driven?

REF:JUN88 REF:DEC88

REF:DEC90

G239.  Describe an air starting system for a large diesel engine that is pneumatically operated.  Why is there overlap on the cams?  How much overlap is required?

REF:DEC88

G240.  Describe the principles and operation of a 2- stroke and a 4-stroke marine diesel engine.  Illustrate the operation of both engines with timing diagrams giving the expected angles.  State the make of the engines in both cases.

REF:DEC88

G241.  Discuss advantages and disadvantages of using the following as cooling media:

a) fresh water

b) seawater

c) oil

State the effects should these reach a high temperature.

REF:DEC90

G242.  What limits the power in a cylinder of a given size. State the results if an attempt to raise the power by injecting more fuel into the cylinder is made.

REF:DEC90

G243.  On a 2- stroke diesel engine, why is a scavenge pump used?  Describe an air scavenge system using a reciprocating air pump.  How is it driven.  How much greater is the capacity of the pump as required by the engine and why?

REF:DEC90

G244.  Sketch the lower piston crosshead arrangement as adopted in the Doxford opposed piston engine.  How is the piston rod attached to the crosshead. and explain why this method is used.

REF:DEC90

G245.  Make diagrammatic sketch of a Scotch marine boiler 3.65m diameter and 3.0m long suitable for pressure of 1400 kPa.  Put in all major sizes, such as shell and end plate thickness, stay size, etc.  and indicate various types of riveted joints used.

REF:DEC90

G246.  Make a sketch of an oil-burning system suitable for use with a marine boiler.

REF:NSJ1

G247.  Give a reasoned statement as to why pre-heating of a lube oil is advantagous with respect to a centrifugal purifier.  Explain why an extreme pressure or other similar oils are only cleaned in a clarifier.  Give reasons and concerns you would have when the clutch slips on an oil purifier other than creating heat.

REF:APR91

G248.  With regard to instrumentation and control what is meant by the terms:

a) set point

b) fail safe

c) fail set

d) split range

REF:APR91

G249.  What causes water-hammer in a steam pipe?  How can it be prevented?

REF:NSJ9

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Transport Canada has ask us to advise users of this webpage to keep in mind that these questions are not the exact questions found in their exams. Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net is not affiliated with Transport Canada and these questions have been gathered from various sources.